Buan, composed of 1 eup and 12 myeon, has a total land of 493.35㎢, which is divided into the 42% of farming land, the 42% of forest land, other 16%, respectively. The west side of the county borders the Yellow Sea.? The east side borders Jeongeup City and the north side borders Gimjae City with the mouth of the Dongjingang River as the border. The south side touches Gochang County with the Gomso Bay as the border. To the west there is the Yellow Sea, and several islands that are part of Widomyun: Wido, Sikdo, Jeonggeumdo, Georyundo, Sangwangdeungdo, Hawanndungdo.

The land is low in the east side and high on the west site. The peninsular sticks out on the Yellow Sea. Byeonsan peninsula is in the southwestern part of Jeollabuk-do. As of November, 2008, the county has a population of 60,962 residents with 27,133 households.

With the beautiful fields and sea, its climate is mild and humid with an average temperature of 13.6℃ and the duration of sunshine is 2,257.4 hours annually. Thanks to the less-developed industrialization, it has more clean plant areas facilities. Its clean water, air and fertile lands makes the region an ideal place for agricultural and other industrial activities.

The natural scenery of Buan is extraordinary, and the county possesses many national treasures including the Byeonsan Penninsula National Park. Buan is full of great sceneries, historical legacies, culture, and tour sites. There are several delicacies in Buan, such as lever from the clean sea, webfoot octopuses, cuttlefish, and gizzard shads.

As Buan is bountiful and happy and neighbors are friendly, it is traditionally called as "生居扶安" (interpreted as "helping life to be comfortable.). With the construction of the project of Saemangeum Sea Wall, turning 40,100 hectares of mud flats in the Saemangum region into farmland and a freshwater lake by building a 33-kilometer seawall to seal off the mouths of the two rivers that run through the area, Buan will be developed into 'the central economic city of Northeast Asia' and in the future will reflect the demands of the times with the change in conditions.