Located in the southwest of Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup is situated between the two metropolitan cities of Jeonju and Gwangju. City is a strategically important transportation center connecting the west coast of Honam. The total area of Jeongeup is 692.8㎢, ranking second among the six cities of Jeollabuk-do. As of late 2006, its population is 127,387 per km - a population density of 183.8.

Jeongeup is connected to Mt. Naejang National Park and Mt. Ibam with beautiful physical features. It boasts proximity to the branches of southeastern Noryeong Mountain Range, and the Honam Line railroad, which passes through Nongso-dong, Sangpyeon-dong, and Yeonji-dong in the northwest, as well as the highway. Three national highways connect to Jeongeup to make the area an important transportation hub along Korea's west coast.

To the northwest of Jeongeup lies the vast Dongjin Plain. The Dongjin River flows to the northwest following the topographical flows of the area. With the Wunam Water Reservoir as its source, the Dongjin River combines with Jeongeup-cheon, which flows from Mt. Naejang, at the southeast end of the city, and flows into the Yellow Sea, where the area around the basin of the river provides fertile irrigation farmland.

Although the region belongs to the continental climate zone, the cycle of three cold days and four warm days is apparent. The region has an average annual temperature of 13.3°C. It recorded its highest temperature of 38.7°C in August of 1990, and a lowest of -14.4°C in December 1974. The region's average annual rainfall is approximately 1,032.19 mm in 2006. The direction and speed of the winds are influenced by the Etesian wind flows. The primary wind flow is north to south, with an average annual wind speed of 1.1m/sec.

Jeongeup is famous both for the remarkable colors of Mt. Naejangsan and its significance as a historical site that founded the Donghak Enlightenment Movement. Mt. Naejangsan boasts of autumn colors every October in a fall colors festival, and the Gapo Donghak Cultural Exhibits relating to the Donghak Movement are held as well. Other activities include such festivals as the Cherry Blossom Festival, and more.

Traditionally, Jeongeup has a reputation as the abundant agricultural products including rice, persimmon, and eggplant.